The results were published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academies of Science. They found that the measurements correlated well. To verify that their ratings reflected the impressions retouching made on viewers, they compared their ratings to human subjects’ observed estimates of how much the photos had been altered. Kee and Farid combined the summary statistics to rate how much photos had been retouched. These described geometric modifications - as in the thinning of a waist or improvements in posture - as well as photometric changes, such as smoothing filters that improve skin tone and texture. They used computer algorithms to analyze alterations to the photos, developing eight “summary statistics” to describe how much an image had been altered. Computer scientists at Dartmouth University have come up with a “perceptually meaningful” way to quantify how much a photo has been retouched - a rating that they say could “inform consumers of how much a photo has strayed from reality.” Eric Kee and Hany Farid analyzed 468 original and retouched photos collected from online sources.
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